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South African architect (–)

Hermann Kallenbach (1 March – 25 March ) was a Lithuanian-born Jewish South African architect who was one of the foremost friends and associates of Mahatma Gandhi.

Kallenbach was introduced to the young Mohandas Gandhi while they were both working in South Africa and, after a series of discussions, they developed a long-lasting association.

Early life

Kallenbach was born in in Žemaičių Naumiestis, Lithuania (then part of the Russian Empire) as the third eldest out of seven children.^[1] His father, Kalman Leib Kallenbach, was a Hebrew teacher and, later, a timber merchant.

Hermann's childhood centered on education, sports and friendships with the village youth.

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He would later study architecture in Stuttgart and Munich. In , he went to South Africa to join his uncles in Johannesburg, where he practiced as an architect and became a South African citizen. A skilled ice-skater, swimmer, cyclist, and gymnast, and successf